时间过得很快，转眼间，2025年已经过了一半。对于千千万万的企业尤其是外贸企业来说，这半年可谓是“惊心动魄”。美国反复无常的关税政策，让外贸形势变得更加变幻莫测，也使很多企业的生存异常艰难。
Time flies, and the first half of 2025 has passed in a flash. For countless enterprises, especially those in foreign trade, this period has been nothing short of “thrilling”. The unpredictable tariff policies of the United States have made the foreign trade situation even more volatile and have made the survival of many enterprises extremely difficult.
所以，当本周海关公布上半年的进出口数据时，很多人觉得有点不可思议：21万亿元的进出口总额，创下了历史同期新高，同比增长2.9%。更让人眼前一亮的是，出口增长了7.2%，尤其是机电行业，增速达到了9.5%，占出口总值的比重提升至60%，可以说在复杂贸易环境中为出口撑起了一片天。
So, when the customs released the first-half import and export data this week, many people found it somewhat unbelievable: The total import and export value reached 21 trillion yuan, setting a new record for the same period in history, with a year-on-year growth of 2.9%. What’s even more impressive is that exports increased by 7.2%, especially in the mechanical and electrical industry, which saw a growth rate of 9.5%, accounting for 60% of the total export value. It can be said that this industry has provided a strong support for exports in a complex trade environment.
如果深入分析机电行业的表现会发现，实现出口增长的不仅仅是家电等传统门类，与新质生产力紧密相连的高端装备，代表绿色转型方向的“新三样”等等，都实现了超过10%的增长。
A deeper analysis of the performance of the mechanical and electrical industry reveals that it’s not just traditional categories like household appliances that have achieved export growth. High-end equipment closely linked to new productive forces and the “new three” representing the direction of green transformation have all seen growth rates exceeding 10%.
透过这些数据，我们能看到中国在出口新动能方面，正在发生历史性的变化，而继续面对日趋复杂的外贸形势，这个半年报，似乎也给我们提供了一个重新认识自己的机会。
Through these data, we can see that China is undergoing a historic transformation in its export growth drivers. Facing the increasingly complex foreign trade situation, this half-year report seems to offer us an opportunity to reevaluate ourselves.
关税冲击下 机电行业出口为何不降反升？
Why did the exports of the mechanical and electrical industry rise instead of fall under the impact of tariffs?
刚刚交出亮眼出口成绩单的机电行业，本周三再次传来好消息。上海本土科技企业与阿联酋一家公司签署350架载人电动飞机E20 eVTOL协议，订单总额达10亿美元，约合人民币71亿元，创下中国eVTOL单笔订单新纪录。未来，这批电动垂直起降飞行器，将应用于中东、北非地区的低空旅游与出行场景，将进一步拓展中国高端装备全球市场版图。
The mechanical and electrical industry, which just delivered an impressive export performance report, received another piece of good news on Wednesday. A local Shanghai technology company signed a 3.5-billion-dollar agreement with a company from the United Arab Emirates for 350 E20 eVTOL passenger electric aircraft. The deal, worth approximately 7.1 billion yuan, sets a new record for a single eVTOL order in China. In the future, these electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft will be applied to low-altitude tourism and transportation scenarios in the Middle East and North Africa, further expanding the global market share of China’s high-end equipment.
机电行业涵盖家用电器、手机、电脑、船舶、汽车等多个领域，内涵丰富，而实力也正在成为这个行业最鲜明的特点。上半年，我国机电产品出口7.8万亿元，增长9.5%，占出口总值的60%，较去年同期提升1.2个百分点。谁都清楚，在上半年异常复杂的外贸环境下，这份出口成绩单意味着什么。
The mechanical and electrical industry covers multiple fields such as household appliances, mobile phones, computers, ships, and automobiles, with a rich range of contents. Its strength is also becoming the most distinctive feature of this industry. In the first half of the year, China’s export of mechanical and electrical products reached 7.8 trillion yuan, increasing by 9.5%, accounting for 60% of the total export value, and rising by 1.2 percentage points compared with the same period last year. Everyone knows what this export performance means in the exceptionally complex foreign trade environment in the first half of the year.
中国机电产品进出口商会新闻发言人 高士旺：我们上半年整个机电外贸表现出了非常强劲的韧性。各行业上来说，除了传统行业可能会有一些承压，比如类似于照明，附加值低，产业链相对来说偏短的这些行业，我们可能面临其他国家企业的竞争。但是在新兴行业，包括附加值比较高的行业，就发挥了明显的拉动作用，像汽车、集成电路、船舶等。
News spokesperson of the China Import and Export Association for Mechanical and Electrical Products: In the first half of the year, the mechanical and electrical export trade in China demonstrated extremely strong resilience. In terms of various industries, except for traditional industries which might face some pressure, such as industries with low added value and relatively short supply chains like lighting, we might encounter competition from enterprises in other countries. However, in emerging industries, including those with higher added value, they have played a significant role in driving growth, such as automobiles, integrated circuits, and ships.
9.5%的增幅，整个行业都深知，这份成绩来之不易。4月份，美国突然宣布征收所谓的“对等关税”，对我国机电行业出口造成显著冲击，部分企业订单锐减，尤其是一些中小企业，更是经历了又一个困难时期。
The 9.5% increase, the entire industry is well aware that this achievement is hard-won. In April, the United States suddenly announced the imposition of so-called “reciprocal tariffs”, which had a significant impact on the exports of China’s mechanical and electrical industry. Orders for some enterprises sharply declined, especially for some small and medium-sized enterprises, which went through another difficult period.
中国机电产品进出口商会新闻发言人 高士旺：机电行业对美国的直接出口其实是明显下降的，但是这个过程中，我们对东盟出口在增加，欧盟还是一个基本盘。
News spokesperson of the China Import and Export Association for Mechanical and Electrical Products: The direct exports of the mechanical and electrical industry to the United States have actually decreased significantly. However, during this process, our exports to ASEAN have been increasing, and the European Union remains a key market.
冲击之下，机电行业出口却实现逆势增长，原因究竟是什么？在专家眼中，首先得益于中国机电行业通过全产业链的韧性，有效地应对了外部环境的不确定性。产业链门类齐全，产业集群优势显著，难以被轻易替代，使得中国机电产品逐步成为全球市场的首选，从而为全行业出口逆势增长，提供了核心支撑力。
Under the impact, the export of the mechanical and electrical industry achieved a counter-cyclical growth. What was the reason for this? In the experts’ opinion, the first factor was that China’s mechanical and electrical industry, through its complete industrial chain, effectively responded to the uncertainties of the external environment. With a complete range of industrial chains and significant advantages in cluster formation, it is difficult to be easily replaced, making Chinese mechanical and electrical products gradually become the preferred choice in the global market. This provided the core support for the counter-cyclical growth of the entire industry’s exports.
在不久前举行的世界高铁大会上，中国高铁盾构机就吸引了众多外商的目光。一台盾构机要集成300余类机电产品，核心部件国产化率超过90%。今年上半年，中铁装备的产品出口34个国家，累计订单突破130台。中国机电出口的强劲增长，正是中国制造业历经沉淀后自立自强的体现。
At the recent World High-Speed Rail Conference, China’s high-speed rail shield machines captured the attention of many foreign investors. A single shield machine integrates over 300 types of mechanical and electrical products, and the domestic production rate of its core components exceeds 90%. In the first half of this year, the products of China Railway Equipment & Technology Corporation were exported to 34 countries, and the cumulative orders exceeded 130 units. The strong growth of China’s mechanical and electrical exports is precisely an embodiment of China’s manufacturing industry’s self-reliance and strength after years of accumulation.
对外经济贸易大学校长 赵忠秀：像新能源汽车、轨道交通、海洋、航空航天，包括医药和高端医疗设备等等，在这些领域实际上都实现了突破，像常规的比如芯片方面，现在中国成了出口大国。这实际上就是中国制造工业强国建设阶段性的重大成果，支撑了现在外贸的表现。
The president of the University of International Business and Economics, Zhao Zhongxiu: In areas such as new energy vehicles, rail transportation, marine affairs, aerospace, including medicine and high-end medical equipment, breakthroughs have actually been achieved. For instance, in the conventional field like chips, China has now become a major exporter. This is actually a significant achievement during the construction of China as an industrial powerhouse, supporting the current performance of foreign trade.
从医用手套到CT机 中国正加速与国际接轨
From medical gloves to CT machines – China is accelerating its integration with the international community
从手机、电脑，到汽车、船舶以及高端装备，曾几何时，中国在这些机电领域，一直是以进口为主，因为核心技术掌握在别人手里，因为人家的产品做得比我们好，所以咱们只能“买买买”。
From mobile phones and computers to automobiles, ships and high-end equipment, at one time, China has always relied on imports in these mechanical and electrical fields because the core technologies were in the hands of others, and because their products were better than ours, so we could only “buy and buy”.
而随着中国制造业的蜕变和升级，如今，中国品牌不仅在国内市场站稳了脚跟，在海外市场的表现更是越来越惊艳。比如医疗器械领域，在今年上半年的出口成绩单中，医疗仪器及器械出口额同比增长了5.9%，特别是中国的医疗器械企业，正在打开欧美发达国家的市场，而且不只是医用手套、注射器等初级产品，还有CT机、呼吸机等这样的中高端医疗设备。这样的变化，是怎样发生的呢？
However, with the transformation and upgrading of China’s manufacturing industry, nowadays, Chinese brands not only have established a firm foothold in the domestic market, but also have shown increasingly impressive performances in overseas markets. For example, in the medical device field, in the export report of the first half of this year, the export value of medical instruments and equipment increased by 5.9%, especially Chinese medical device enterprises are opening up the markets of developed countries in Europe and America, and not only primary products such as medical gloves and syringes, but also such mid-to-high-end medical equipment as CT machines and ventilators. How did such changes occur?
我国腔镜手术机器人，已出口23个国家；CT、呼吸机等更是出口至全球190多个国家和地区的9000多家医疗机构。上周，在上海举办的首届中国医学装备国际合作大会上，工信部相关负责人发布了以上的信息。而在上半年的机电出口成绩单中，国产医疗器械的表现也备受关注。比如在秘鲁，很多医院的高端诊断设备就来自中国。
Our laparoscopic surgery robots have been exported to 23 countries; CT, ventilators and other products have even been exported to 9000 medical institutions in 190 countries and regions around the world. Last week, at the first China Medical Equipment International Cooperation Conference held in Shanghai, the relevant officials from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology released the above information. And in the export report of mechanical and electrical products in the first half of the year, the performance of domestic medical devices has also attracted much attention. For example, in Peru, many hospitals’ high-end diagnostic equipment comes from China.
今年上半年，医疗器械出口额，同比增长了5.9%，像核磁共振、640层CT等尖端机型，中国制造表现出的竞争力是，产品性能上对标国际，价格却相对较低。
In the first half of this year, the export volume of medical devices increased by 5.9% year-on-year. For advanced models such as MRI and 640-slice CT, the competitiveness of products made in China is that their performance is on par with international standards, while the prices are relatively lower.
这是被誉为“人体哈勃望远镜”的世界首台全身PET-CT分子影像设备“探索者”，灵敏度较传统设备提升近40倍，数十秒即可完成全身极速成像。凭借它，人类首次能够实时动态看到药物在人体全身的代谢分布。而这一医学诊断新利器，正是中国制造。谁能相信，曾经，我们国内三甲医院的高端医疗影像设备，还需要大量依靠进口，几乎看不到国产设备的影子。
This is the world’s first full-body PET-CT molecular imaging device, known as the “Human Hubble Telescope”, named “Explorer”. Its sensitivity has increased by nearly 40 times compared to traditional devices, and it can complete full-body rapid imaging in just tens of seconds. With it, humans have for the first time been able to observe in real time and dynamically the metabolic distribution of drugs throughout the human body. And this new medical diagnostic tool is made in China. Who would have thought that once upon a time, the high-end medical imaging equipment in our domestic tertiary hospitals still relied heavily on imports, and there were hardly any domestic devices to be seen.
分析上半年机电出口成绩单，还有一个变化，那就是国产医疗器材的出口，过去主要是医用手套、注射器等低值耗材产品，在全球产业链中处于代工贴牌的从属地位。现在，则是越来越多的中高端装备。
近年来，国产高端品牌崛起，不仅开始改变洋品牌在国内市场的垄断地位，同时，国产高端医疗设备，更是打入欧美等发达国家医疗市场，实现了从低端代工向知识密集型中高端的转型升级。
When analyzing the export performance of mechanical and electrical products in the first half of the year, another change can be observed – the export of domestic medical equipment. In the past, it mainly consisted of low-value consumables such as medical gloves and syringes, which occupied a subordinate position in the global industrial chain as OEMs. Now, there are increasingly more mid-to-high-end equipment.
In recent years, domestic high-end brands have emerged, not only changing the monopolistic position of foreign brands in the domestic market, but also, domestic high-end medical equipment has entered the medical markets of developed countries such as Europe and the United States, achieving a transformation from low-end OEM production to knowledge-intensive mid-to-high-end products.
然而，中国医疗器械的出海，也面临着贸易保护主义的挑战。比如6月20日，欧盟委员会就发布禁令，中国企业不得参与欧盟地区数额超500万欧元的医疗器械采购。同日，中国外交部发言人就做出回应，指出欧盟以公平竞争之名行不公平竞争之实，是典型的双重标准。
However, the overseas expansion of Chinese medical devices also faces challenges from trade protectionism. For instance, on June 20th, the European Commission issued a ban, stating that Chinese enterprises are not allowed to participate in medical device procurement in the EU region with a value exceeding 5 million euros. On the same day, the spokesperson of the Chinese Foreign Ministry responded, pointing out that the EU uses the guise of fair competition to carry out unfair competition, and is a typical case of double standards.
赵忠秀：这一禁令会限制500万欧元以上设备到欧洲竞标。实际上在这一领域，中国的产品是非常有竞争力的，并且因为这个门槛相对比较低，说明应用场景大。
Zhao Zhongxiu: This ban will restrict the bidding of equipment worth more than 5 million euros to Europe. In fact, in this field, Chinese products are very competitive, and because the threshold is relatively low, it indicates that the application scenarios are extensive.
7月初，为支持高端医疗器械创新发展，国家药监局发布十条举措，其中特别提出推动全球监管协调，支持高端医疗器械企业“出海”发展，主动参与国际标准制定，加快国际标准转化应用。
In early July, in order to support the innovation and development of high-end medical devices, the National Medical Products Administration released ten measures. Among them, it particularly proposed to promote global regulatory coordination, support high-end medical device enterprises to “go global” for development, actively participate in the formulation of international standards, and accelerate the conversion and application of international standards.
深圳市医疗器械质量管理促进会执行副会长 黄进：医疗器械是一个强监管的行业。发展中国家甚至有些欠发达国家会去认美国、欧盟、日本、澳大利亚、加拿大这五个国家和地区的认证，或者是他们的市场准入证明。中国现在监管水平提升了，我们也希望能进入到这个高水平监管队伍中，与国际接轨，向发达国家监管有经验的国家学习监管经验，让我们的法规变得更加科学合理。这绝对是可以促进产业发展的。
Huang Jin, Executive Vice President of the Shenzhen Medical Device Quality Management Promotion Association: The medical device industry is a highly regulated sector. Developing countries and even some underdeveloped countries will seek certifications from the United States, the European Union, Japan, Australia, and Canada, or their market access certificates. Currently, China has improved its regulatory standards and we hope to join this high-level regulatory team, aligning with international standards, learning regulatory experience from developed countries with rich regulatory experience, and making our regulations more scientific and reasonable. This is definitely conducive to promoting the development of the industry.
中国外贸大船稳稳前行 背后原因是什么？
How has China’s foreign trade vessel maintained a steady course? What are the underlying reasons?
外部环境风高浪急、挑战不断，但中国外贸这艘大船依然稳稳前行，这背后的原因是什么？
The external environment is turbulent and full of challenges, yet China’s foreign trade sector continues to move forward steadily. What is the reason behind this?
海关总署新闻发言人本周给出了这样的答案：底气是完备的产业体系，动力是科技创新和产业创新的深度融合，本质上是以不断地高质量供给适配国际市场需求。在科技创新方面，上半年我国高技术产品出口增长9.2%，这已经是连续第9个月保持增长。如今最火的机器人产业就是例子，去年我国工业机器人的出口市场份额跃居全球第二，今年上半年出口更是猛增了61.5%。在人工智能的竞争中，我们正处在一个什么样的位置，上半年的进出口数据，也可以提供一些注解。
The spokesperson of the General Administration of Customs gave such an answer this week: The backing lies in a complete industrial system, the driving force is the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, and fundamentally, it is about continuously providing high-quality products to meet international market demands. In terms of scientific and technological innovation, the export of high-tech products in China increased by 9.2% in the first half of the year, and this has been a growth for the 9th consecutive month. The most popular robot industry is a good example. Last year, China’s export market share of industrial robots ranked second globally, and in the first half of this year, the export increased by 61.5%. In the competition of artificial intelligence, what position are we in? The import and export data in the first half of the year can also provide some explanations.
本周，在北京举行的第三届链博会，宇树科技的人形机器人依然备受关注。自年初在春晚舞台上扭秧歌爆火后，其主力产品G1便频繁亮相各大活动，持续吸引着公众目光。作为中国核心技术第一梯队的代表，大家自然关心，这款备受关注的产品是否会成为中国制造拓展海外市场新的生力军。
This week, at the third Chain Expo held in Beijing, the humanoid robots of Yushu Technology continued to attract much attention. After becoming popular on the Spring Festival Gala stage by performing the lion dance at the beginning of the year, their main product G1 has frequently appeared at various events and has continuously captured the public’s attention. As representatives of China’s core technology first echelon, people naturally wonder whether this highly regarded product will become a new driving force for Chinese manufacturing to expand its market overseas.
公开信息显示，宇树科技的人形机器人G1在国内起售价为9.9万元，海外市场定价为1.6万美元起。截至今年3月，该产品在海外市场已实现上千台的销售规模，德国、意大利等国家成为主要市场。更值得关注的是，今年上半年，我国工业机器人出口同比猛增了61.5%，人形机器人作为其中的新兴品类，正成为出口增长的新亮点。
Public information indicates that the domestic starting price of YuShu Technology’s humanoid robot G1 is 99,000 yuan, while the overseas pricing starts at 16,000 US dollars. As of March this year, this product has achieved sales of over a thousand units in the overseas market, with Germany and Italy among the major markets. What is more noteworthy is that in the first half of this year, China’s industrial robot exports increased by 61.5% year-on-year. As an emerging category among industrial robots, humanoid robots are becoming a new highlight in the growth of exports.
宇树科技市场经理 孙宝岩：我们公司目前的海外营收占比近公司的一半。有特别多的机器人、机器狗由中国制造、中国创造的产品，通过我们的港口和货船走向了世界各地的每一个角落。
Sun Baoyan, the marketing manager of Unitree: Currently, our company’s overseas revenue accounts for nearly half of the total. There are a large number of robots and robot dogs that are made and created in China, and they are transported to every corner of the world through our ports and cargo ships.
本周，科技领域另一大热点是，英伟达CEO黄仁勋年内第三次访华。无论是演讲还是媒体采访，人工智能和人形机器人始终是他聚焦的核心话题。他表示，未来人形机器人会像汽车一样走进千家万户，而中国在这个领域具有独特的优势。
This week, another major topic in the technology sector was Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang’s third visit to China this year. Whether during his speeches or media interviews, artificial intelligence and humanoid robots have always been the core topics he focused on. He stated that in the future, humanoid robots will enter millions of households just like cars do, and China has unique advantages in this field.
英伟达首席执行官 黄仁勋：第一，已经拥有非常优秀的人工智能技术；第二，中国在机电一体化方面极其出色；第三，中国拥有非常庞大的制造业基础来部署这些机器人，这三个条件在中国是非常独特的。因此，我对机器人技术在中国的发展非常乐观。
NVIDIA CEO Jensen Huang: Firstly, we already have extremely advanced artificial intelligence technology; secondly, China excels in mechatronics; thirdly, China has a very large manufacturing base to deploy these robots. These three conditions are very unique in China. Therefore, I am very optimistic about the development of robotics technology in China.
的确，从关节到大脑，从骨架零部件到微型传感器，在链博会现场，中国人形机器人领域已呈现出完整的产业链。不过，人形机器人目前尚未进入大规模应用阶段，以宇树科技为例，其产品主要面向高校和科技公司，用于研发用途。相比之下，离我们生活更近的，是AI赋能的服务机器人。在今年4月的广交会上，高空玻璃清洗机器人、番茄采摘机器人、养老陪伴机器人等产品，已经进入海外市场。
Indeed, from joints to the brain, from skeletal components to micro sensors, at the Chain Expo, China has demonstrated a complete industrial chain in the field of humanoid robots. However, humanoid robots have not yet entered the stage of large-scale application. Take Yushu Technology as an example, its products are mainly targeted at universities and technology companies, and are used for research and development purposes. In contrast, those closer to our daily lives are AI-powered service robots. At the Canton Fair in April this year, products such as high-altitude glass cleaning robots, tomato-picking robots, and elderly care companionship robots have already entered the overseas market.
与此同时，更多AI赋能的科技产品，正成为消费新热点。今年，老外扫货华强北，成为全网热议的独特风景。许多外国游客将深圳华强北作为离境前的最后一站，抢购AI眼镜、翻译机等新潮产品。而AI科技产品出口，也成为整个机电行业出口的新动能。
Meanwhile, more AI-enabled technological products are becoming a new trend in consumption. This year, foreigners flocked to Huaqiangbei, becoming a unique and hot topic on the entire internet. Many foreign tourists regarded Shenzhen Huaqiangbei as their final stop before leaving the country, rushing to purchase trendy products such as AI glasses and translation devices. The export of AI technological products has also become a new driving force for the export of the entire mechanical and electrical industry.
上半年，我国机电行业出口的科技底色更加鲜明，高技术产品出口增长9.2%，不仅展现了中国外贸的新增长点，更让我们重新审视并深刻认识到自身的竞争力。然而，面对下半年充满不确定的外贸形势，我们依然需要坚持技术创新、产业链优化以及政策支持，以自身的确定性应对外部的不确定性，中国制造的韧性与实力，依旧是我们的核心竞争力。
In the first half of the year, the technological nature of China’s mechanical and electrical industry’s exports became even more prominent. The export of high-tech products increased by 9.2%. This not only demonstrated new growth points in China’s foreign trade, but also made us re-examine and deeply understand our own competitiveness. However, in the face of the uncertain foreign trade situation in the second half of the year, we still need to adhere to technological innovation, optimization of the industrial chain, and policy support. We should respond to external uncertainties with our own certainty. The resilience and strength of Made in China remain our core competitiveness.
4月份关税战刚刚开打的时候就曾说过，关税战对中国外贸来说是好事吗？当然不是。但从长远来看，这未必真的是坏事。在逆境之中增长能力，做好自己的事，才是最重要的事。而中国外贸今年上半年的数据，就再次印证了“做好自己的事”这句话有多么重要。
When the tariff war began in April, I once said, “Is the tariff war good for China’s foreign trade? Of course not. But in the long run, this might not necessarily be a bad thing. The most important thing is to grow in adversity and do your own thing well. And the data of China’s foreign trade in the first half of this year once again proves how important the phrase ‘do your own thing well’ is.”
本周，上半年的数据刚出来，就有媒体开始分析我们下半年所面临的问题了，挑战还是一个接着一个，不确定，已经成了大家最确定的事，无论从国家战略、产业升级、还是企业生存，还是那句话，眼睛向内，冷静前行，总结好我们做对了什么，还有哪些不足，提升自身的竞争力，就一定能在复杂多变的国际环境中行稳致远。
This week, as the first half of the year’s data was released, some media began to analyze the problems we will face in the second half of the year. The challenges continue one after another, and uncertainty has become the most certain thing for everyone. Whether it’s from the national strategy, industrial upgrading, or the survival of enterprises, or that saying, “Look inward, proceed calmly,” summarizing what we have done right and what we still need to improve, enhancing our own competitiveness, we will definitely be able to move steadily and reach far in the complex and changing international environment.
